- Common Ancestor
- The first ancestor that you and the other person share or are directly
descended from. For instance, siblings share the same parents, cousins
share the same grandparents and so forth.
- First Cousin
- The first common ancestors you share are your grandparents. First
cousins are the children of your aunts and uncles.
- Second Cousin
- The first common ancestors you share are your great-grandparents. But
not the same grandparents.
- Third Cousin
- The first common ancestors you share are your
great-great-grandparents.
- Fourth Cousin
- The first common ancestors you share are your
great-great-great-grandparents, and so on.
- Removed
- This is where most people get confused. The word "removed" is used
when the two people sharing a common ancestor are from different
generations.
The words "once removed" mean that there is a difference of one
generation. For example, your mother's first cousin is your first cousin,
once removed. The common ancestor is your grandparents. Your mother's
first cousin is one generation younger than your grandparents and you are
two generations younger than your grandparents. This one-generation
difference equals "once removed."
Twice removed means that there is a two-generation difference. The
common ancestor is your great grandparents. You are two generations
younger than a first cousin of your grandmother, so you and your
grandmother's first cousin are first cousins, twice removed.
Relationship Charts - An easy way
to determine relationships is to use the chart below.
- The common ancestor is the ancestor you both share. Put their name is
the common ancestor slot.
- Look at the top row of the chart and find the first person's
relationship to the common ancestor.
- Look at the far left column of the chart and find the second person's
relationship to the common ancestor.
- Determine where the row and column containing those two relationships
meet and that is the relationship of the two descendants of the common
ancestor.
Common
Ancestor |
Child |
Grandchild |
G-grandchild |
G-g-grandchild |
Child |
Sister or Brother |
Nephew or Niece |
Grand-nephew or niece |
G-grand-nephew or niece |
Grandchild |
Nephew or Niece |
First cousin |
First cousin, once removed |
First cousin, twice removed |
G-grandchild |
Grand-nephew or niece |
First cousin, once removed |
Second cousin |
Second cousin, once removed |
G-g-grandchild |
G-grand-nephew or niece |
First cousin, twice removed |
Second cousin, once removed |
Third cousin |
|